SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Utah Data Center</title>

Utah Data Center

</h1>

</header>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="border:1px solid #B2BEB"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#B2BEB5">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#B2BEB5;font-weight:normal;padding-bottom:0.15em;"><a href="Global_surveillance" title="Global surveillance">Global surveillance</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#B2BEB5">

Disclosures</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Origins_of_global_surveillance" title="Origins of global surveillance">Origins</a></li>

<li><a href="2010s_global_surveillance_disclosures" title="2010s global surveillance disclosures">2013–present</a></li>

<li><a href="Reactions_to_global_surveillance_disclosures" title="Reactions to global surveillance disclosures">Reactions</a></li></ul></td>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#B2BEB5">

Systems</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_government_mass_surveillance_projects" title="List of government mass surveillance projects">List of government mass surveillance projects</a></li>

<li><a href="XKeyscore" title="XKeyscore">XKeyscore</a></li>

<li><a href="PRISM" title="PRISM">PRISM</a></li>

<li><a href="ECHELON" title="ECHELON">ECHELON</a></li>

<li><a href="Sentient_(intelligence_analysis_system)" title="Sentient (intelligence analysis system)">Sentient</a></li>

<li><a href="Carnivore_(software)" title="Carnivore (software)">Carnivore</a></li>

<li><a href="Dishfire" title="Dishfire">Dishfire</a></li>

<li><a href="Stone_Ghost" title="Stone Ghost">Stone Ghost</a></li>

<li><a href="Tempora" title="Tempora">Tempora</a></li>

<li><a href="Frenchelon" title="Frenchelon">Frenchelon</a></li>

<li><a href="Fairview_(surveillance_program)" title="Fairview (surveillance program)">Fairview</a></li>

<li><a href="MYSTIC_(surveillance_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="MYSTIC (surveillance program)">MYSTIC</a></li>

<li><a href="Boundless_Informant" title="Boundless Informant">Boundless Informant</a></li>

<li><a href="Bullrun_(decryption_program)" title="Bullrun (decryption program)">Bullrun</a></li>

<li><a href="Pinwale" title="Pinwale">Pinwale</a></li>

<li><a href="Stingray_phone_tracker" title="Stingray phone tracker">Stingray</a></li>

<li><a href="RAMPART-A" title="RAMPART-A">RAMPART-A</a></li>

<li><a href="Mastering_the_Internet" title="Mastering the Internet">Mastering the Internet</a></li>

<li><a href="Jindalee_Operational_Radar_Network" title="Jindalee Operational Radar Network">Jindalee Operational Radar Network</a></li></ul></td>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#B2BEB5">

Selected agencies</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<li><a href="Special_Communications_Service_of_Russia" title="Special Communications Service of Russia">Spetssvyaz</a></li>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#B2BEB5">

Places</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="The_Doughnut" title="The Doughnut">The Doughnut</a></li>

<li><a href="Fort_Meade" title="Fort Meade">Fort Meade</a></li>

<li><a href="RAF_Menwith_Hill" title="RAF Menwith Hill">Menwith Hill</a></li>

<li><a href="Southern_Cross_Cable#Spying_and_interception" title="Southern Cross Cable">Southern Cross Cable</a></li>

<li><a href="Bad_Aibling_Station" title="Bad Aibling Station">Bad Aibling Station</a></li>

<li><a href="Dagger_Complex" title="Dagger Complex">Dagger Complex</a></li>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#B2BEB5">

Laws</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li>Five Eyes

<ul><li><a href="UKUSA_Agreement" title="UKUSA Agreement">UKUSA Agreement</a></li>

<li><a href="Lustre_(treaty)" title="Lustre (treaty)">Lustre</a></li></ul></li>

<li>U.S.

<ul><li><a href="USA_Freedom_Act" title="USA Freedom Act">USA Freedom Act</a></li>

<li><a href="Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Act_of_1978_Amendments_Act_of_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 Amendments Act of 2008">FISA amendments</a></li></ul></li>

<li>EU

<ul><li><a href="Data_Retention_Directive" title="Data Retention Directive">Data Retention Directive</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_Protection_Directive" title="Data Protection Directive">Data Protection Directive</a></li>

<li>China

<ul><li><a href="National_Intelligence_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="National Intelligence Law">National Intelligence Law</a></li>

<li><a href="Cybersecurity_Law_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China" title="Cybersecurity Law of the People's Republic of China">Cybersecurity Law</a></li></ul></li>

<li>UK

<ul><li><a href="Investigatory_Powers_Act_2016" title="Investigatory Powers Act 2016">Investigatory Powers Act 2016</a></li></ul></li></ul></td>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#B2BEB5">

Proposed changes</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li>U.S.

<ul><li><a href="FISA_Improvements_Act" title="FISA Improvements Act">FISA Improvements Act</a></li>

<li><a href="Proposed_reforms_of_mass_surveillance_by_the_United_States" title="Proposed reforms of mass surveillance by the United States">Other proposals</a></li></ul></li></ul></td>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#B2BEB5">

Concepts</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Mass_surveillance" title="Mass surveillance">Mass surveillance</a>

<ul><li><a href="Corporate_surveillance" title="Corporate surveillance">Corporate</a></li>

<li><a href="Mass_surveillance_industry" title="Mass surveillance industry">Industry</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Culture_of_fear" title="Culture of fear">Culture of fear</a></li>

<li><a href="Secure_communication" title="Secure communication">Secure communication</a></li>

<li><a href="Security_sector_governance_and_reform" title="Security sector governance and reform">Security sector governance and reform</a></li>

<li><a href="Signals_intelligence" title="Signals intelligence">SIGINT</a></li>

<li><a href="Call_detail_record" title="Call detail record">Call detail record</a></li>

<li><a href="Surveillance_issues_in_smart_cities" title="Surveillance issues in smart cities">Surveillance issues in smart cities</a></li></ul></td>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#B2BEB5">

Related topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Intelligence_field" title="Intelligence field">Intelligence field</a></li>

<li><a href="Espionage" title="Espionage">Espionage</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelligence_agency" title="Intelligence agency">Intelligence agency</a></li>

<li><a href="Cryptography" title="Cryptography">Cryptography</a>

<li><a href="Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a>

<ul><li><a href="Right_to_privacy" title="Right to privacy">Privacy</a></li>

<li><a href="Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Liberty</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Reconnaissance_satellite" title="Reconnaissance satellite">Satellites</a></li>

<li><a href="Stop_Watching_Us" title="Stop Watching Us">Stop Watching Us</a></li>

<li><a href="Nothing_to_hide_argument" title="Nothing to hide argument">Nothing to hide argument</a></li></ul></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></td></tr></tbody></table>

The Utah Data Center (UDC), also known as the Intelligence Community Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative Data Center,<a href="#cite_note-facs1-1">[1]</a> is a <a href="Computer_data_storage" title="Computer data storage">data storage</a> facility for the <a href="United_States_Intelligence_Community" title="United States Intelligence Community">United States Intelligence Community</a> that is designed to store data estimated to be on the order of <a href="Exabytes" class="mw-redirect" title="Exabytes">exabytes</a> or larger.<a href="#cite_note-forbes1-2">[2]</a> Its purpose is to support the <a href="Comprehensive_National_Cybersecurity_Initiative" title="Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative">Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative</a> (CNCI), though its precise mission is classified.<a href="#cite_note-deseret1-3">[3]</a> The <a href="National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a> (NSA) leads operations at the facility as the executive agent for the <a href="Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of National Intelligence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-reuters1-4">[4]</a> It is located at <a href="Camp_Williams" title="Camp Williams">Camp Williams</a> near <a href="Bluffdale%2C_Utah" title="Bluffdale, Utah">Bluffdale, Utah</a>, between <a href="Utah_Lake" title="Utah Lake">Utah Lake</a> and <a href="Great_Salt_Lake" title="Great Salt Lake">Great Salt Lake</a> and was completed in May 2014 at a cost of $1.5 billion.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purpose">Purpose</h2></div>

Critics believe that the data center has the capability to process "all forms of communication, including the complete contents of private emails, cell phone calls, and Internet searches, as well as all types of personal data trails—parking receipts, travel itineraries, bookstore purchases, and other digital 'pocket litter'."<a href="#cite_note-bamford1-6">[6]</a> In response to claims that the data center would be used to illegally monitor email of U.S. citizens, in April 2013 an NSA spokesperson said, "Many unfounded allegations have been made about the planned activities of the Utah Data Center, ... one of the biggest misconceptions about NSA is that we are unlawfully listening in on, or reading emails of, U.S. citizens. This is simply not the case."<a href="#cite_note-reuters1-4">[4]</a>

In April 2009, officials at the <a href="United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> acknowledged that the NSA had engaged in large-scale overcollection of domestic communications in excess of the <a href="United_States_Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Court" title="United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court">United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court</a>'s authority, but claimed that the acts were unintentional and had since been rectified.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a>

In August 2012, <a href="The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> published short documentaries by independent filmmakers titled The Program,<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> based on interviews with former NSA technical director and <a href="Whistleblower" class="mw-redirect" title="Whistleblower">whistleblower</a> <a href="William_Binney_(U.S._intelligence_official)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Binney (U.S. intelligence official)">William Binney</a>. The project had been designed for foreign <a href="Signals_intelligence" title="Signals intelligence">signals intelligence</a> (SIGINT) collection, but Binney alleged that after the <a href="September_11_terrorist_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="September 11 terrorist attacks">September 11 terrorist attacks</a>, controls that limited unintentional collection of data pertaining to U.S. citizens were removed, prompting concerns by him and others that the actions were illegal and unconstitutional. Binney alleged that the Bluffdale facility was designed to store a broad range of domestic communications for <a href="Data_mining" title="Data mining">data mining</a> without warrants.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>

Documents leaked to the media in June 2013 described <a href="PRISM_(surveillance_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="PRISM (surveillance program)">PRISM</a>, a national security <a href="Computer_and_network_surveillance" title="Computer and network surveillance">computer and network surveillance</a> program operated by the NSA, as enabling in-depth surveillance on live Internet communications and stored information.<a href="#cite_note-WaPo1-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-guardian-snowden-reveal-11">[11]</a> Reports linked the data center to the NSA's controversial expansion of activities, which store extremely large amounts of data. Privacy and civil liberties advocates raised concerns about the unique capabilities that such a facility would give to intelligence agencies.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> "They park stuff in storage in the hopes that they will eventually have time to get to it," said James Lewis, a cyberexpert at the <a href="Center_for_Strategic_and_International_Studies" title="Center for Strategic and International Studies">Center for Strategic and International Studies</a>, "or that they'll find something that they need to go back and look for in the masses of data." But, he added, "most of it sits and is never looked at by anyone."<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a>

The UDC was expected to store Internet data, as well as telephone records from the controversial NSA telephone call database, <a href="MAINWAY" title="MAINWAY">MAINWAY</a>, when it opened in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a>

In light of the controversy over the NSA's involvement in the practice of <a href="Mass_surveillance_in_the_United_States" title="Mass surveillance in the United States">mass surveillance in the United States</a>, and prompted by the <a href="Global_surveillance_disclosures_(2013%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Global surveillance disclosures (2013–present)">2013 mass surveillance disclosures</a> by ex-NSA contractor <a href="Edward_Snowden" title="Edward Snowden">Edward Snowden</a>, the Utah Data Center was hailed by <a href="The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> as a "symbol of the spy agency's surveillance prowess".<a href="#cite_note-wsj-7oct13-16">[16]</a>

Binney has said that the facility was built to store recordings and other content of communications, not only for <a href="Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a>

According to an interview with Snowden, the project was initially known as the Massive Data Repository within NSA, but was renamed to Mission Data Repository due to the former sounding too "creepy".<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2></div>

The structure provides 1 to 1.5 million sq ft (93,000 to 139,000 m2),<a href="#cite_note-Kenyon-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnet-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> with 100,000 sq ft (9,300 m2) of data center space and more than 900,000 sq ft (84,000 m2) of technical support and administrative space.<a href="#cite_note-bamford1-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kenyon-19">[19]</a> It is projected to cost $1.5–2 billion.<a href="#cite_note-deseret1-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-bamford1-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kenyon-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> A report suggested that it will cost another $2 billion for hardware, software, and maintenance.<a href="#cite_note-Kenyon-19">[19]</a>

The completed facility is expected to require 65 <a href="Megawatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Megawatt">megawatts</a> of electricity, costing about $40 million per year.<a href="#cite_note-bamford1-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kenyon-19">[19]</a> Given its open-evaporation-based cooling system, the facility is expected to use 1.7 million US gal (6,400 m3) of water per day.<a href="#cite_note-water1-24">[24]</a>

An article by <a href="Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> estimates the storage capacity as between 3 and 12 <a href="Exabyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Exabyte">exabytes</a> as of 2013, based on analysis of unclassified blueprints, but mentions <a href="Moore's_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Moore's Law">Moore's Law</a>, meaning that advances in technology could be expected to increase the capacity by orders of magnitude in the coming years.<a href="#cite_note-forbes1-2">[2]</a>

Toward the end of the project's construction it was plagued by electrical problems in the form of "massive power surges"<a href="#cite_note-dcd-10-2013-25">[25]</a> that damaged equipment.<a href="#cite_note-wsj-7oct13-16">[16]</a> This delayed its opening by a year.<a href="#cite_note-dcd-10-2013-25">[25]</a>

The finished structure is characterized as a <a href="Tier_III_data_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Tier III data center">Tier III data center</a>, with over a million square feet, that cost over 1.5 billion dollars to build. Of the million square feet, 100,000 square feet are dedicated to the data center. The other 900,000 square feet are utilized as technical support and administrative space.

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

<li><a href="Cyberethics" title="Cyberethics">Cyberethics</a></li>

<li><a href="Electronic_Communications_Privacy_Act" title="Electronic Communications Privacy Act">Electronic Communications Privacy Act</a></li>

<li><a href="FISA_Amendments_Act_of_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="FISA Amendments Act of 2008">FISA Amendments Act of 2008</a></li>

<li><a href="Multiprogram_Research_Facility" title="Multiprogram Research Facility">Multiprogram Research Facility</a></li>

<li><a href="Privacy_law" title="Privacy law">Privacy law</a></li>

<li><a href="Secrecy_of_correspondence" title="Secrecy of correspondence">Secrecy of correspondence</a></li>

<li><a href="Texas_Cryptologic_Center" title="Texas Cryptologic Center">Texas Cryptologic Center</a></li>

<li><a href="Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.facilitiesmagazine.com/utah/buildings/nsa-utah-data-center">"NSA Utah Data Center"</a>. Facilities Magazine. 14 September 2011. Retrieved 24 April 2013.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-forbes1-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-forbes1_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-forbes1_2-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFKashmir_Hill2013" class="citation news cs1">Kashmir Hill (July 24, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/kashmirhill/2013/07/24/blueprints-of-nsa-data-center-in-utah-suggest-its-storage-capacity-is-less-impressive-than-thought/">"Blueprints Of NSA's Ridiculously Expensive Data Center In Utah Suggest It Holds Less Info Than Thought"</a>. Forbes. Retrieved 2013-07-29.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-deseret1-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-deseret1_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-deseret1_3-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFFidel2011" class="citation news cs1">Fidel, Steve (6 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110109001921/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/705363940/Utahs-15-billion-cyber-security-center-under-way.html">"Utah's $1.5 billion cyber-security center under way"</a>. Deseret News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deseretnews.com/article/705363940/Utahs-15-billion-cyber-security-center-under-way.html">the original</a> on January 9, 2011. Retrieved 29 March 2013.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-reuters1-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reuters1_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reuters1_4-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFShalal-Esa2013" class="citation news cs1">Shalal-Esa, Andrea (15 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-security-nsa/u-s-agency-denies-data-center-to-monitor-citizens-emails-idUSBRE93E11O20130416">"U.S. agency denies data center to monitor citizens' emails"</a>. <a href="Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Retrieved 16 April 2013.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_the_Under_Secretary_of_Defense_for_Acquisition,_Technology_and_Logistics2014" class="citation web cs1">Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics (September 17, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141210071515/http://www.acq.osd.mil/ie/fim/library/milcon/MILCON_EOM-AUG_Report_2014-09-17.xlsx">"MilCon Status Report - August, 2014 - Under Secretary of Defense for AT&L"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acq.osd.mil/ie/fim/library/milcon/MILCON_EOM-AUG_Report_2014-09-17.xlsx">the original</a> on December 10, 2014. Retrieved April 16, 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-bamford1-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bamford1_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bamford1_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bamford1_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bamford1_6-3">d</a> <cite id="CITEREFBamford2012" class="citation news cs1"><a href="James_Bamford" title="James Bamford">Bamford, James</a> (15 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2012/03/ff-nsadatacenter/">"The NSA Is Building the Country's Biggest Spy Center (Watch What You Say)"</a>. Wired. Retrieved 19 November 2020.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFEric_Lichtblau_and_James_Risen2009" class="citation news cs1"><a href="Eric_Lichtblau" title="Eric Lichtblau">Eric Lichtblau</a> and <a href="James_Risen" title="James Risen">James Risen</a> (April 15, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/16/us/16nsa.html">"Officials Say U.S. Wiretaps Exceeded Law"</a>. <a href="The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved September 5, 2012.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFPoitras2012" class="citation news cs1">Poitras, Laura (August 22, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/23/opinion/the-national-security-agencys-domestic-spying-program.html">"The Program"</a>. <a href="The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved August 5, 2016.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Lawson, Kent, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.privatewifi.com/what-does-the-nsa-know-about-you/">"What Does the NSA Know About You?"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131021030255/http://www.privatewifi.com/what-does-the-nsa-know-about-you/">Archived</a> 2013-10-21 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Private WiFi, August 27, 2012

</li>

<li id="cite_note-WaPo1-10"><a href="#cite_ref-WaPo1_10-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFGellmanPoitras2013" class="citation news cs1"><a href="Barton_Gellman" title="Barton Gellman">Gellman, Barton</a>; <a href="Laura_Poitras" title="Laura Poitras">Poitras, Laura</a> (June 6, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/us-intelligence-mining-data-from-nine-us-internet-companies-in-broad-secret-program/2013/06/06/3a0c0da8-cebf-11e2-8845-d970ccb04497_story.html">"US Intelligence Mining Data from Nine U.S. Internet Companies in Broad Secret Program"</a>. <a href="The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Retrieved June 11, 2013.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-guardian-snowden-reveal-11"><a href="#cite_ref-guardian-snowden-reveal_11-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFGreenwald,_Glenn;_MacAskill,_Ewen2013" class="citation news cs1"><a href="Glenn_Greenwald" title="Glenn Greenwald">Greenwald, Glenn</a>; MacAskill, Ewen (June 9, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/09/edward-snowden-nsa-whistleblower-surveillance?CMP=twt_gu">"Edward Snowden: The Whistleblower Behind Revelations of NSA Surveillance"</a>. <a href="The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a href="Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>. Retrieved June 9, 2013.</cite><code class="cs1-code">{{cite news}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFJames_RisenEric_Lichtblau2013" class="citation news cs1">James Risen & Eric Lichtblau (June 8, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/09/us/revelations-give-look-at-spy-agencys-wider-reach.html">"How the U.S. Uses Technology to Mine More Data More Quickly"</a>. <a href="The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved June 11, 2013.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHoward_Berkes2013" class="citation web cs1">Howard Berkes (June 10, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2013/06/10/190160772/amid-data-controversy-nsa-builds-its-biggest-data-farm">"Amid Data Controversy, NSA Builds Its Biggest Data Farm"</a>. National Public Radio. Retrieved June 11, 2013.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Scott Shane and David E. Sanger, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/01/us/job-title-key-to-inner-access-held-by-snowden.html?hp">"Job Title Key to Inner Access Held by Snowden"</a>, New York Times, June 30, 2013

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFThomas_Burr2013" class="citation web cs1">Thomas Burr (June 6, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/politics/56422716-90/americans-amyspencer-center-court.html.csp">"Phone records could end up at NSA's Utah Data Center"</a>. Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved June 11, 2013.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-wsj-7oct13-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wsj-7oct13_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wsj-7oct13_16-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFSiobhan_Gorman2013" class="citation news cs1">Siobhan Gorman (7 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304441404579119490744478398">"Meltdowns Hobble NSA Data Center"</a>. <a href="The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. Retrieved 19 October 2013. <q>The Utah facility, one of the Pentagon's biggest U.S. construction projects, has become a symbol of the spy agency's surveillance prowess, which gained broad attention in the wake of leaks from NSA contractor Edward Snowden.</q></cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/nsa-collects-word-for-word-every-domestic-communication">"NSA Collects 'Word for Word' Every Domestic Communication, Says Former Analyst"</a>. PBS NewsHour. 1 August 2013.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFJames_Bamford2014" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="James_Bamford" title="James Bamford">James Bamford</a> (August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2014/08/edward-snowden/">"Edward Snowden: The Untold Story"</a>. <a href="Wired_(magazine)#Website" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Kenyon-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kenyon_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kenyon_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kenyon_19-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kenyon_19-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kenyon_19-4">e</a> <cite id="CITEREFKenyon2011" class="citation news cs1">Kenyon, Henry (Jan 7, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111005155823/http://defensesystems.com/Articles/2011/01/07/NSA-spy-cyber-intelligence-data-center-Utah.aspx">"New NSA data center breaks ground on construction -- Defense Systems"</a>. Defense Systems. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://defensesystems.com/Articles/2011/01/07/NSA-spy-cyber-intelligence-data-center-Utah.aspx">the original</a> on 5 October 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2011.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-cnet-20"><a href="#cite_ref-cnet_20-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130623005612/http://crave.cnet.co.uk/gadgets/nsa-to-store-yottabytes-in-utah-data-centre-49304118/">"NSA to store yottabytes in Utah data centre"</a>. <a href="CNET_Networks" class="mw-redirect" title="CNET Networks">CNET Networks</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://crave.cnet.co.uk/gadgets/nsa-to-store-yottabytes-in-utah-data-centre-49304118/">the original</a> on 23 June 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2011.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBamford" class="citation news cs1">Bamford, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2009/nov/05/whos-in-big-brothers-database/">"Who's in Big Brother's Database? by James Bamford"</a>. <a href="The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a>. Retrieved 11 August 2011.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFLaPlante,_Matthew_D.2009" class="citation news cs1">LaPlante, Matthew D. (July 2, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sltrib.com/news/ci_12744661">"New NSA center unveiled in budget documents"</a>. Salt Lake Tribune. MediaNews Group. Retrieved 2009-07-05.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFLaPlante,_Matthew_D.2009" class="citation news cs1">LaPlante, Matthew D. (July 2, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sltrib.com/ci_12735293">"Spies like us: NSA to build huge facility in Utah"</a>. Salt Lake Tribune. MediaNews Group. Retrieved 2009-07-05.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-water1-24"><a href="#cite_ref-water1_24-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFAdams,_Andrew2013" class="citation news cs1">Adams, Andrew (July 12, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ksl.com/?sid=25978926&nid=148">"New Utah NSA center requires 1.7M gallons of water daily to operate"</a>. Retrieved 2013-07-25.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-dcd-10-2013-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dcd-10-2013_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dcd-10-2013_25-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.datacenterdynamics.com/focus/archive/2013/10/nsa-data-center-crippled-huge-power-surges">"NSA data center 'crippled' by huge power surges"</a>. DatacenterDynamics. October 8, 2013. Retrieved April 27, 2014.</cite>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .infobox .side-box{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="side-box side-box-right sistersitebox">

<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Utah_Data_Center" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Utah Data Center">Utah Data Center</a>.</div></div>

</div>

<ul><li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2XAznfybYhI">"James Bamford: Inside the NSA's Largest Secret Domestic Spy Center, part 1"</a>. <a href="YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. 21 March 2012.</cite> & <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZD5Lq4GXU7g">"part 2"</a>. <a href="YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. 21 March 2012.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFGreenwaldMacAskillPoitras2013" class="citation news cs1">Greenwald, Glenn; MacAskill, Ewen; Poitras, Laura (9 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/09/edward-snowden-nsa-whistleblower-surveillance">"Edward Snowden: NSA Whistleblower"</a>. The Guardian. London.</cite></li></ul>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Security_Agency141" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="National_Security_Agency141" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alaska_Mission_Operations_Center" title="Alaska Mission Operations Center">Alaska Mission Operations Center</a></li>

<li><a href="Buckley_Space_Force_Base" title="Buckley Space Force Base">Colorado Cryptologic Center</a></li>

<li><a href="Consolidated_Intelligence_Center" title="Consolidated Intelligence Center">Consolidated Intelligence Center</a></li>

<li><a href="Dagger_Complex" title="Dagger Complex">European Cryptologic Center</a></li>

<li><a href="European_Technical_Center" title="European Technical Center">European Technical Center</a></li>

<li><a href="Fort_Meade" title="Fort Meade">Fort Meade</a></li>

<li><a href="Friendship_Annex" title="Friendship Annex">Friendship Annex</a></li>

<li><a href="Georgia_Cryptologic_Center" title="Georgia Cryptologic Center">Georgia Cryptologic Center</a></li>

<li><a href="Hawaii_Cryptologic_Center" title="Hawaii Cryptologic Center">Hawaii Cryptologic Center</a></li>

<li><a href="Interagency_Training_Center" title="Interagency Training Center">Interagency Training Center</a></li>

<li><a href="Kent_Island_Research_Facility" title="Kent Island Research Facility">Kent Island</a></li>

<li><a href="Misawa_Security_Operations_Center" title="Misawa Security Operations Center">Misawa Security Operations Center</a></li>

<li><a href="Multiprogram_Research_Facility" title="Multiprogram Research Facility">Multiprogram Research Facility</a></li>

<li><a href="RAF_Menwith_Hill" title="RAF Menwith Hill">RAF Menwith Hill</a></li>

<li><a href="Roaring_Creek_Station" title="Roaring Creek Station">Roaring Creek</a></li>

<li><a href="Salt_Creek_Station" title="Salt Creek Station">Salt Creek</a></li>

<li><a href="Sugar_Grove_Station" title="Sugar Grove Station">Sugar Grove</a></li>

<li><a href="Texas_Cryptologic_Center" title="Texas Cryptologic Center">Texas Cryptologic Center</a></li>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Director_of_the_National_Security_Agency" title="Director of the National Security Agency">Leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ralph_Canine" title="Ralph Canine">Ralph Canine</a></li>

<li><a href="John_A._Samford" title="John A. Samford">John A. Samford</a></li>

<li><a href="Laurence_Hugh_Frost" title="Laurence Hugh Frost">Laurence Hugh Frost</a></li>

<li><a href="Gordon_Blake" title="Gordon Blake">Gordon Blake</a></li>

<li><a href="Marshall_Carter" title="Marshall Carter">Marshall Carter</a></li>

<li><a href="Noel_Gayler" title="Noel Gayler">Noel Gayler</a></li>

<li><a href="Samuel_C._Phillips" title="Samuel C. Phillips">Samuel C. Phillips</a></li>

<li><a href="Lew_Allen" title="Lew Allen">Lew Allen</a></li>

<li><a href="Bobby_Ray_Inman" title="Bobby Ray Inman">Bobby Ray Inman</a></li>

<li><a href="Lincoln_D._Faurer" title="Lincoln D. Faurer">Lincoln D. Faurer</a></li>

<li><a href="William_Eldridge_Odom" title="William Eldridge Odom">William Eldridge Odom</a></li>

<li><a href="Bill_Studeman" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Studeman">Bill Studeman</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Michael_McConnell" class="mw-redirect" title="John Michael McConnell">John Michael McConnell</a></li>

<li><a href="Kenneth_Minihan" title="Kenneth Minihan">Kenneth Minihan</a></li>

<li><a href="Michael_Hayden_(general)" title="Michael Hayden (general)">Michael Hayden</a></li>

<li><a href="Keith_B._Alexander" title="Keith B. Alexander">Keith B. Alexander</a> </li>

<li><a href="Michael_S._Rogers" title="Michael S. Rogers">Michael S. Rogers</a></li>

<li><a href="Paul_Nakasone" title="Paul Nakasone">Paul Nakasone</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Special_Collection_Service" title="Special Collection Service">Special Collection Service</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ANT_catalog" title="ANT catalog">ANT catalog</a></li>

<li><a href="FROSTBURG" title="FROSTBURG">FROSTBURG</a></li>

<li><a href="IBM_7950_Harvest" title="IBM 7950 Harvest">HARVEST</a></li>

<li><a href="Secure_Terminal_Equipment" title="Secure Terminal Equipment">Secure Terminal Equipment (STE)</a></li>

<li><a href="WARRIOR_PRIDE" title="WARRIOR PRIDE">WARRIOR PRIDE</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Controversy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="2010s_global_surveillance_disclosures" title="2010s global surveillance disclosures">2010s global surveillance disclosures</a></li>

<li><a href="Church_Committee" title="Church Committee">Church Committee</a></li>

<li><a href="Edward_Snowden" title="Edward Snowden">Edward Snowden</a></li>

<li><a href="LOVEINT" title="LOVEINT">LOVEINT</a></li>

<li><a href="James_Bamford" title="James Bamford">James Bamford</a></li>

<li><a href="NSA_warrantless_surveillance_(2001%E2%80%932007)" title="NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–2007)">NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–2007)</a></li>

<li><a href="United_States_House_Permanent_Select_Committee_on_Intelligence" title="United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence">Pike Committee</a></li>

<li><a href="Thomas_Andrews_Drake" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Andrews Drake">Thomas Andrews Drake</a></li>

<li><a href="Thomas_Tamm" title="Thomas Tamm">Thomas Tamm</a></li>

<li><a href="Matthew_Aid" title="Matthew Aid">Matthew Aid</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Boundless_Informant" title="Boundless Informant">Boundless Informant</a></li>

<li><a href="Dropmire" title="Dropmire">Dropmire</a></li>

<li><a href="Echelon_(signals_intelligence)" class="mw-redirect" title="Echelon (signals intelligence)">ECHELON</a></li>

<li><a href="Fairview_(surveillance_program)" title="Fairview (surveillance program)">Fairview</a></li>

<li><a href="Insider_Threat_Program" title="Insider Threat Program">Insider Threat Program</a></li>

<li><a href="MUSCULAR" title="MUSCULAR">MUSCULAR</a></li>

<li><a href="MYSTIC_(surveillance_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="MYSTIC (surveillance program)">MYSTIC</a></li>

<li><a href="PRISM" title="PRISM">PRISM</a></li>

<li><a href="Real_Time_Regional_Gateway" title="Real Time Regional Gateway">Real Time Regional Gateway</a></li>

<li><a href="Stellar_Wind" title="Stellar Wind">Stellar Wind</a></li>

<li><a href="Trailblazer_Project" title="Trailblazer Project">TRAILBLAZER</a></li>

<li><a href="Turbulence_(NSA)" title="Turbulence (NSA)">Turbulence</a></li>

<li><a href="Upstream_collection" title="Upstream collection">Upstream</a></li>

<li><a href="XKeyscore" title="XKeyscore">XKeyscore</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Databases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="DISHFIRE" class="mw-redirect" title="DISHFIRE">DISHFIRE</a></li>

<li><a href="MAINWAY" title="MAINWAY">MAINWAY</a></li>

<li><a href="MARINA" title="MARINA">MARINA</a></li>

<li><a href="PINWALE" class="mw-redirect" title="PINWALE">PINWALE</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Dundee_Society" title="Dundee Society">Dundee Society</a></li>

<li><a href="Institute_for_Defense_Analyses" title="Institute for Defense Analyses">Institute for Defense Analyses</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Cryptologic_Museum" title="National Cryptologic Museum">National Cryptologic Museum</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Cryptologic_School" class="mw-redirect" title="National Cryptologic School">National Cryptologic School</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Vigilance_Park" title="National Vigilance Park">National Vigilance Park</a></li>

<li><a href="NSA_Hall_of_Honor" title="NSA Hall of Honor">NSA Hall of Honor</a></li>

<li><a href="Venona_project" title="Venona project">VENONA</a></li>

<li><a href="Vulnerabilities_Equities_Process" title="Vulnerabilities Equities Process">Vulnerabilities Equities Process</a></li>

<li><a href="Zendian_Problem" class="mw-redirect" title="Zendian Problem">Zendian Problem</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="War_on_terror565" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="War_on_terror565" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a></li>

<li><a href="War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a> (<a href="Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Afghanistan_(2011%E2%80%932016)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2011–2016)">Withdrawal</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> (2003–2011) (<a href="Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2007%E2%80%932011)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011)">Withdrawal</a>)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Participants_in_Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Participants in Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom participants</a></li>

<li><a href="Islamic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic Republic of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li>

<li><a href="Northern_Alliance" title="Northern Alliance">Northern Alliance</a></li>

<li><a href="Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> (<a href="Iraqi_Armed_Forces" title="Iraqi Armed Forces">Iraqi Armed Forces</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li>

<li><a href="United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li>

<li><a href="United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li>

<li><a href="European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li>

<li><a href="Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li>

<li><a href="Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Targets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a></li>

<li><a href="Hamza_bin_Laden" title="Hamza bin Laden">Hamza bin Laden</a></li>

<li><a href="Anwar_al-Awlaki" title="Anwar al-Awlaki">Anwar al-Awlaki</a></li>

<li><a href="Sirajuddin_Haqqani" title="Sirajuddin Haqqani">Sirajuddin Haqqani</a></li>

<li><a href="Jalaluddin_Haqqani" title="Jalaluddin Haqqani">Jalaluddin Haqqani</a></li>

<li><a href="Anas_Haqqani" title="Anas Haqqani">Anas Haqqani</a></li>

<li><a href="Khalil_Haqqani" title="Khalil Haqqani">Khalil Haqqani</a></li>

<li><a href="Hafiz_Saeed" title="Hafiz Saeed">Hafiz Saeed</a></li>

<li><a href="Mahmoud_Mohamed_Ahmed_Bahaziq" title="Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq">Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq</a></li>

<li><a href="Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Factions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Qaeda_in_the_Arabian_Peninsula" title="Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula">al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula</a></li>

<li><a href="Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">Abu Sayyaf</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">Al-Shabaab</a></li>

<li><a href="Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a></li>

<li><a href="Harkat-ul-Jihad_al-Islami" title="Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami">Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami</a></li>

<li><a href="Hizbul_Mujahideen" title="Hizbul Mujahideen">Hizbul Mujahideen</a></li>

<li><a href="Islamic_Courts_Union" title="Islamic Courts Union">Islamic Courts Union</a></li>

<li><a href="Jaish-e-Mohammed" title="Jaish-e-Mohammed">Jaish-e-Mohammed</a></li>

<li><a href="Jemaah_Islamiyah" title="Jemaah Islamiyah">Jemaah Islamiyah</a></li>

<li><a href="Lashkar-e-Taiba" title="Lashkar-e-Taiba">Lashkar-e-Taiba</a></li>

<li><a href="Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a></li>

<li><a href="Islamic_Movement_of_Uzbekistan" title="Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan">Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan</a></li>

<li><a href="Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Philippines" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines">OEF – Philippines</a></li>

<li><a href="Georgian_involvement_in_the_Iraq_War" title="Georgian involvement in the Iraq War">Georgian involvement in the Iraq War</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Horn_of_Africa" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa">OEF – Horn of Africa</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Juniper_Shield" title="Operation Juniper Shield">OEF – Trans Sahara</a></li>

<li><a href="Drone_strikes_in_Pakistan" title="Drone strikes in Pakistan">Drone strikes in Pakistan</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Operation_Active_Endeavour" title="Operation Active Endeavour">Operation Active Endeavour</a></li>

<li><a href="Insurgency_in_the_Maghreb_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)">Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)</a></li>

<li><a href="Insurgency_in_the_North_Caucasus" title="Insurgency in the North Caucasus">Insurgency in the North Caucasus</a></li>

<li><a href="Moro_conflict" title="Moro conflict">Moro conflict in the Philippines</a></li>

<li><a href="Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Iraqi insurgency</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Linda_Nchi" title="Operation Linda Nchi">Operation Linda Nchi</a></li>

<li><a href="Terrorism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Terrorism in Saudi Arabia">Terrorism in Saudi Arabia</a></li>

<li><a href="Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li>

<li><a href="War_in_Somalia_(2006%E2%80%932009)" title="War in Somalia (2006–2009)">War in Somalia (2006–2009)</a></li>

<li><a href="2007_Lebanon_conflict" title="2007 Lebanon conflict">2007 Lebanon conflict</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Qaeda_insurgency_in_Yemen" title="Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen">al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Patriot_Act" title="Patriot Act">Patriot Act</a> (2001)</li>

<li><a href="Torture_Memos" title="Torture Memos">Torture Memos</a> (2002)</li>

<li><a href="Military_Commissions_Act_of_2006" title="Military Commissions Act of 2006">Military Commissions Act of 2006</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_Commissions_Act_of_2009" title="Military Commissions Act of 2009">Military Commissions Act of 2009</a></li>

<li><a href="President's_Surveillance_Program" title="President's Surveillance Program">President's Surveillance Program</a></li>

<li><a href="Protect_America_Act_of_2007" title="Protect America Act of 2007">Protect America Act of 2007</a></li>

<li><a href="Terrorist_Surveillance_Program" title="Terrorist Surveillance Program">Terrorist Surveillance Program</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Abu_Ghraib_torture_and_prisoner_abuse" title="Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse">Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse</a></li>

<li><a href="Bush_Doctrine" title="Bush Doctrine">Bush Doctrine</a></li>

<li><a href="Clash_of_Civilizations" title="Clash of Civilizations">Clash of Civilizations</a></li>

<li><a href="Combatant_Status_Review_Tribunal" title="Combatant Status Review Tribunal">Combatant Status Review Tribunal</a></li>

<li><a href="Criticism_of_the_war_on_terror" title="Criticism of the war on terror">Criticism of the war on terror</a></li>

<li><a href="CIA_black_sites" title="CIA black sites">CIA black sites</a></li>

<li><a href="Killing_of_Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri">Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri</a></li>

<li><a href="Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden">Killing of Osama bin Laden</a></li>

<li><a href="Enhanced_interrogation_techniques" title="Enhanced interrogation techniques">Enhanced interrogation techniques</a></li>

<li><a href="Extrajudicial_prisoners_of_the_United_States" title="Extrajudicial prisoners of the United States">Extrajudicial prisoners</a></li>

<li><a href="Extraordinary_rendition" title="Extraordinary rendition">Extraordinary rendition</a></li>

<li><a href="Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp" title="Guantanamo Bay detention camp">Guantanamo Bay detention camp</a></li>

<li><a href="Iranian_Revolution" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a></li>

<li><a href="Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic terrorism</a></li>

<li><a href="Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li>

<li><a href="North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="North Korea and weapons of mass destruction">North Korea and weapons of mass destruction</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Noble_Eagle" title="Operation Noble Eagle">Operation Noble Eagle</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Eagle_Assist" title="Operation Eagle Assist">Operation Eagle Assist</a></li>

<li><a href="Situation_Room_(photograph)" title="Situation Room (photograph)">Situation Room photograph</a></li>

<li><a href="State_Sponsors_of_Terrorism_(U.S._list)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Sponsors of Terrorism (U.S. list)">State Sponsors of Terrorism</a></li>

<li><a href="Disposition_Matrix" title="Disposition Matrix">Targeted killing</a></li>

<li><a href="Targeted_Killing_in_International_Law" title="Targeted Killing in International Law">Targeted Killing in International Law</a></li>

<li><a href="Targeted_Killings" title="Targeted Killings">Targeted Killings: Law and Morality in an Asymmetrical World</a></li>

<li><a href="Unitary_executive_theory" title="Unitary executive theory">Unitary executive theory</a></li>

<li><a href="Unlawful_combatant" title="Unlawful combatant">Unlawful combatant</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li> Category</li>

<li> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/War_on_terror" class="extiw external" title="commons:War on terror">Commons</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><a class="external text" href="geo:40.427,-111.934">40°25′37″N 111°56′02″W / 40.427°N 111.934°W / 40.427; -111.934</a>

</div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-08-02" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Utah_Data_Center&oldid=1303787801">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>